Avro International Aerospace.
Avro Type 694 Lincoln
Lancaster IV/V
Introduction date 1945
First flight 9 June 1944
Avro Int. Aerospace
Avro Type 694 Lincoln
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History Avro International Aerospace
Avro Type 694 Lincoln
Lancaster IV/V
Introduction date 1945
First flight 9 June 1944
The Avro Type 694 Lincoln is a British four-engined heavy bomber, which first flew on 9 June 1944. Developed from the Avro Lancaster, the first Lincoln variants were initially known as the Lancaster IV and V; these were renamed Lincoln I and II. It was the penultimate piston-engined bomber operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF).
The Lincoln attained operational status in August 1945. It had been initially assigned to units of the Tiger Force, a Commonwealth heavy bomber force which had been intended to play a role in the Japan campaign in the closing stages of the Second World War, but the war ended before the Lincoln could participate. Production of the type proceeded and the type was adopted in quantity, complementing and progressively replacing the Lancaster in RAF service during the late 1940s.
Design and development
The Avro Lincoln originated from a design produced by Roy Chadwick as a development of the earlier Lancaster bomber which had been produced with the purpose of conforming with the requirements of the Specification B.14/43. Known initially as the Lancaster IV and Lancaster V, the envisioned aircraft, while bearing considerable similarity to the Lancaster, featured numerous improvements, such as the adoption of stronger, longer span, higher aspect ratio (10.30 compared with 8.02) wings along with two-stage supercharged Rolls-Royce Merlin 85 engines fitted within Universal Power Plant (UPP) installations. The new bomber also possessed an enlarged fuselage that accommodated increased fuel and bomb loads and allowed up to 11 tons of various armaments and equipment fittings including the Grand Slam bomb to be carried. It had a higher operational ceiling and longer range than its Lancaster predecessor, being capable of a maximum altitude of 35,000 ft (6.6 mi; 11 km) and a maximum range of 4,450 miles (7,160 km)..
Operational history
Royal Air Force
During 1945, the RAF received its first Lincoln, which was delivered to No. 57 Squadron based at RAF East Kirkby, Lincolnshire. In August 1945, No. 75 (New Zealand) Squadron began to re-equip with the Lincoln at RAF Spilsby, Lincolnshire. However, No. 75 (NZ) Sqn had received just three aircraft prior to VJ Day, and was disbanded quickly thereafter.[
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Avro International Aerospace
Avro Type 694 Lincoln
Lancaster IV/V
Introduction date 1945
First flight 9 June 1944
Avro Int. Aerospace
Avro Type 694 Lincoln
Lancaster IV/V
Introduction date 1945
First flight 9 June 1944
General Info
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- Crew: 7 or 8 (pilot, flight engineer/co-pilot, navigator, wireless operator, front gunner/bomb aimer, dorsal and rear gunners)
- Length: 78 ft 3+1⁄2 in (23.86 m)
- Wingspan: 120 ft (37 m)
- Height: 17 ft 3+1⁄2 in (5.27 m)
- Wing area: 1,421 sq ft (132.0 m2)
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Powerplant
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- Empty weight: 44,188 lb (20,043 kg) equipped
- Gross weight: 75,000 lb (34,019 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 82,000 lb (37,195 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 3,580 imp gal (4,300 US gal; 16,300 L) in 6 wing tanks; Oil 150 imp gal (180 US gal; 680 L) in four nacelle tanks
- Powerplant: 4 × Rolls-Royce Merlin 85 or Packard-Merlin 68 V-12 liquid-cooled piston engines, 1,750 hp (1,300 kW) each
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Performance
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- Maximum speed: 310 mph (500 km/h, 270 kn) at 18,300 ft (5,600 m)
- Cruise speed: 215 mph (346 km/h, 187 kn) at 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
- Range: 2,800 mi (4,500 km, 2,400 nmi) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m) with 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) bomb load at 200 mph (170 kn; 320 km/h).[
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- Service ceiling: 30,500 ft (9,300 m)
Related development
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Guns:
- 2x 0.5 in (12.70 mm) M2 Browning machine-guns nose turret
- 2x 20 mm (0.787 in) Hispano MK.IV cannon or Hispano Mk.V cannon dorsal turret
- 2x 0.5 in (12.70 mm) M2 Browning machine-guns tail turret
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- (Some aircraft fitted with a single 0.5 in (12.70 mm) M2 Browning in a ventral position)
- Bombs: Up to 14,000 lb (6,400 kg) of bombs; exceptionally 1 x 22,000 lb (10,000 kg) Grand Slam Deep Penetration bomb.
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Guns:
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Links to Youtube & Others
The Avro 504J and 504K were the primary training aircraft used during the First World War, built in greater numbers than any other British aircraft of the period.
Avro Int.
Avro Type 694 Lincoln
Engine choices for the 504K included the 100 hp Gnome Monosoupape, the 80 or 110 hp Le Rhone, and the 130 hp Clerget, amongst others.
Youtube Link
From mid-1915 onward, the Avro 504 was withdrawn from operations in France and it became the standard training aircraft for the Royal Flying Corps.
Read more in Avro (an initialism of the founder's name) was a British aircraft manufacturer.
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